劳埃德银行Lloyds TSB
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Lloyds TSB Bank Plc is a retail bank in the United Kingdom. It was established in 1995 by the merger of Lloyds Bank, established in 1765 and traditionally considered one of the Big Four clearing banks, with the TSB Group which traces its origins to 1810.[1] Lloyds TSB has an extensive network of branches and cash machines across England and Wales and offers 24-hour telephone and online banking services. Today it has 16 million personal customers and small business accounts.[2] In Scotland, the bank operates as Lloyds TSB Scotland Plc.
Following the acquisition of HBOS in 2008, the parent Lloyds TSB Group was renamed Lloyds Banking Group.[3] In 2009, following the liquidity crisis, HM Government took a 43.4% stake in Lloyds Banking Group and it was subsequently announced that a standalone retail banking business of 600 branches, including the TSB brand, would be divested by the Group to comply with European Union state aid requirements.[4] As a consequence, Lloyds TSB Bank will be rebranded as Lloyds Bank by the end of 2013
The bank can trace its roots back to 1765 with the foundation of Taylors and Lloyds in Birmingham. This private bank converted into a joint-stock company in 1865, becoming Lloyds Bank Limited in 1889. Most recently, in 1995, it acquired the demutualised Cheltenham and Gloucester Building Society. The first Trustee Savings Bank had been founded by the Revd. Henry Duncan of Ruthwell, Dumfriesshire in 1810, but it was not until 1985 that the TSB Group was incorporated under the Companies Act.[6] The creation of the modern bank is often credited to its CEO from 1984 to 1997, Sir Brian Pitman, who helped turn around a struggling institution by focusing on shareholder value. He narrowed the bank's business focus, and reacted to a disastrous experience lending to South American states by trimming its overseas businesses, seeking instead growth through mergers with other UK banks. While Sir Brian did attempt unsuccessfully to acquire Royal Bank of Scotland in 1984, Standard Chartered Bank in 1985, Midland Bank in 1992 and Abbey National in 2001, he was successful in 1995 in merging with Trustee Savings Bank and the Cheltenham & Gloucester building society.[7][8][9] The creation of the modern bank was announced in 1995 and Lloyds TSB commenced trading in 1998, after the statutory process of integration had been completed.[10]
Lloyds' three Scottish branches were absorbed into TSB Scotland, which had remained separate to TSB Bank in England and Wales following consolidation. TSB Northern Ireland was disposed to Allied Irish Banks prior to merger in 1991 and, consequently, the bank does not have a presence in Northern Ireland. TSB Channel Islands was integrated into TSB Bank in 1992. Lloyds Bank International merged into Lloyds Bank in 1986 as there was no longer any advantage in operating separately.[11]
The Scottish Widows Fund and Life Assurance Society demutualised and was subsequently acquired by the Group in 2000.
劳埃德银行具有相当悠久的历史,成立于1765年。成功收购了英国信托储蓄银行(TSB)之后,成为英国最大的五家商业银行(巴克莱银行、汇丰银行、劳埃德银行、HBOS和国民西敏寺银行)之一,目前拥有的客户数量最多,但劳埃德银行和劳埃德保险集团和船级社无关。劳埃德TSB集团创立于1688年,是一家设在英国的银行和金融服务集团,主要从事银行,贷款和抵押,储蓄与投资,保险等业务,在全球有2400多家分支机构。1996年,英国劳埃德银行同英国信托储蓄银行合并产生劳埃德TSB银行集团。